Using a laboratory common garden experiment, we tested whether populations of the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), a globally introduced disease vector that flourishes in cities, have adapted to thermal conditions across an urban heat island. By exposing eggs to a 34-day experimental drought across three humidity treatments and five temperatures, we found significant differences in egg survival between urban and rural populations. Urban populations had greater survival at warmer temperatures, while rural populations had greater survival at cooler temperatures. Both exhibited complete mortality under hot and dry conditions. Using the inferred statistical model of egg survival and environmental data from field sites, we estimated that the urban populations would have greater egg survival than rural populations under all observed field conditions. The file 'Egg_survival.R' contains code to build statistical models of egg survival from our experiment. The file 'Egg_survival.csv' contains experimental data analyzed by 'Egg_survival.R'. The file 'env_data.R' contains an R script for using statistical models in 'Egg_survival.R' and using them to predict survival in the field based on data from two other studies (not included).
